{"id":111253,"date":"2025-02-27T05:02:43","date_gmt":"2025-02-27T05:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/heapple.com\/?p=111253"},"modified":"2025-02-28T03:00:23","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T03:00:23","slug":"girighetsskulden-okar-nar-finansiella-parasiter-far-harja-del-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/heapple.com\/index.php\/2025\/02\/27\/girighetsskulden-okar-nar-finansiella-parasiter-far-harja-del-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Girighetsskulden \u00f6kar n\u00e4r Finansiella parasiter f\u00e5r h\u00e4rja &#8211; del 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"111253\" class=\"elementor elementor-111253\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed2cac5 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ed2cac5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9817a41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9817a41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Girighetsskulden &ouml;kar n&auml;r finansiella parasiter f&aring;r h&auml;rja - del 3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be2fdd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"be2fdd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">En serie blogginl&auml;gg om godheten och ondskan<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0946caa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0946caa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9817a41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9817a41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\"><div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><div><em style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Vi utforskar det historiska narrativet, nuet och framtiden genom en grundl&auml;ggande fr&aring;ga: Vad var\/&auml;r\/blir ont och vad var\/&auml;r\/blir gott?<\/strong><\/em><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0946caa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0946caa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\"><div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><p><em>Under de senaste &aring;rtiondena av 1900 &ndash; talet b&ouml;rjade Tre Gigantiska skuldberg &ndash; Integritetsskulden, Girighetsskulden och Den Existentiella skulden &ndash; till v&aring;ra barn, barnbarn och kommande generationer eskalera. Inledningsvis kommer jag<\/em><em>&nbsp;f&ouml;rdjupa mig i tre segment som kraftigt bidragit till uppbyggnad av skuldbergen: det fossila, det finansiella och den digitala sektorn &ndash; med s&auml;rskilt fokus p&aring; algoritmer. I&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/heapple.com\/index.php\/2025\/01\/30\/systemledarskap-integritetsbrott-systemondska-varfossilavarld\/\">bloggen<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Systemledarskap, Integritets-brott och&nbsp;<\/span>systemondska<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\"><strong>&nbsp;&ndash; v&aring;r fossila v&auml;rld!<\/strong> granskades Den fossila sektorn.<\/span><\/em><\/p><p><em>I denna blogg g&ouml;r vi en djupdykning i den finansiella sektorn. &Auml;mnet &auml;r komplext och d&auml;rf&ouml;r lanserar jag ett antal bloggar om just detta. Just nu lutar det &aring;t fem.<\/em><\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ae0562 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5ae0562\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e796593 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e796593\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bloggserie <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8acd506 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8acd506\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lite historia och M2&rsquo;s roll<\/p><p>Parasit&auml;ra strukturer etableras&nbsp;<\/p><p><strong>Girighetsskuldens utveckling och otillb&ouml;rlig allokering av pengar &ndash; denna blogg<\/strong><\/p><p>Konsekevenser f&ouml;r den lilla m&auml;nniskan och projiceringens missriktade fokus<\/p><p>Det Tudelade ekonomiska systemet och M2&rsquo;s nya roll<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8cef89 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b8cef89\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6347f55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6347f55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kort resum&eacute; del 1 och 2 i bloggserien<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd6086c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd6086c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"1033\" data-end=\"1538\">I del 1 &ndash; Lite historia och M2&rsquo;s roll &ndash; blev slutsatsen att finansiella kriser i modern tid f&ouml;reg&aring;s av&nbsp;<span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">penningexpansion, &ouml;kning av M2, vilket resulterar i en dramatisk tillg&aring;ngsinflation snarare &auml;n en bredare realekonomisk expansion. I del 2 belyste vi hur <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_9ed74a8e3e0df0568f1ff212a346f774\" href=\"https:\/\/heapple.com\/index.php\/glossary\/systemledarskapet\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Systemledarskapet<\/a> riggade parasit&auml;ra strukturer, den finansiella spelplanen och&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">flyttade succesivt &ouml;ver kontrollen av M2 fr&aring;n centralbankerna till sig sj&auml;lva &ndash; <strong>V&auml;rldens st&ouml;rsta bl&aring;sning!<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">I denna blog tittar vi n&auml;rmare p&aring; konsekvenserna av denna bl&aring;sning!<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d644f05 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d644f05\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e636f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"26e636f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Den globala Skulds&auml;ttningen <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a46819 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a46819\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Grundf&ouml;ruts&auml;ttningen f&ouml;r att skapa pengar i modern tid &auml;r kreditexpansion. Genom riggningen av Parasit&auml;ra strukturer har bankerna i princip monopol att skapa pengar, ett monopol de har tillskansat sig p&aring; laglig v&auml;g. F&ouml;r att g&ouml;da parasiterna m&aring;ste M2 hela tiden &ouml;ka, vilket inneb&auml;r att skulden &ouml;kar. Se bild 1 nedan.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p>Detta sj&auml;lvdestruktiva system &auml;r s&aring; etablerat att det &auml;r f&aring; som ifr&aring;gas&auml;tter det p&aring; allvar, varken forskare eller centralbanksf&ouml;retr&auml;dare. Det f&aring;r bara fortg&aring;! F&ouml;r mig &auml;r detta ondska eftersom s&aring; m&aring;nga far illa av dess konsekvenser.&nbsp;<\/p><p>N&auml;r M2 investeras i spekulation blir cirkulariteten destruktiv &ndash; pengar koncentreras otillb&ouml;rligt, skapar bubblor och leder till stagnation och kriser.&nbsp;<strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\" data-start=\"2324\" data-end=\"2404\">Icke-produktiva investeringar skapar en sj&auml;lvf&ouml;rst&auml;rkande spekulationsbubbla<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\"> d&auml;r kapital koncentreras till finanssektorn och tillg&aring;ngspriser drivs upp utan att skapa verkligt v&auml;rde.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">I Den Tudelade ekonomin kommer<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">&nbsp;M2 prim&auml;rt investeras i produktiva tillg&aring;ngar, d&aring; skapas en progressiv ekonomisk cirkularitet d&auml;r pengar f&ouml;der nya pengar genom arbete och innovation. <\/span><strong style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\" data-start=\"2184\" data-end=\"2257\">Produktiva investeringar skapar en sj&auml;lvf&ouml;rst&auml;rkande ekonomisk cirkel<\/strong><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\"> d&auml;r pengar genererar arbete, innovation och framtida vinster.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2054f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e2054f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"669\" src=\"https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-i-biljoner-10%C2%B9%C2%B2-USD-2-1024x669.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-111357\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-i-biljoner-10&sup1;&sup2;-USD-2-1024x669.png 1024w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-i-biljoner-10&sup1;&sup2;-USD-2-600x392.png 600w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-i-biljoner-10&sup1;&sup2;-USD-2-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-i-biljoner-10&sup1;&sup2;-USD-2-768x501.png 768w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-i-biljoner-10&sup1;&sup2;-USD-2-1536x1003.png 1536w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-i-biljoner-10&sup1;&sup2;-USD-2-2048x1337.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Bild 1<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b219b90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b219b90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K&auml;lla Total skulder: IIF &ndash; IInstitute of nternational&nbsp; Finance<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7337493 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7337493\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59b3284 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59b3284\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Begrepp och fenomen som &auml;r bra att k&auml;nna till<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-612279f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"612279f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Beroende p&aring; hur stor f&ouml;rst&aring;else du som l&auml;sare har av det ekonomiska systemet har jag valt att puplicera ett antal pop-ups nedan f&ouml;r den som beh&ouml;ver komplettera sina f&ouml;rkunskaper.&nbsp;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c171738 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c171738\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7858892 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7858892\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4c0863 premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"a4c0863\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"premium_modal_box_animation\":\"fadeInDown\"}' data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings='{\"trigger\":\"button\",\"show_on_exit\":false}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-a4c0863\" type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-btn premium-btn-sm premium-button-none \" data-text=\"Mynt och sedlar\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-button-text-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Mynt och sedlar<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-a4c0863\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCentralbankspengar &ndash; M0 (kontanter)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Utf&auml;rdas av centralbankerna och utg&ouml;r den fysiska kontantm&auml;ngden i ekonomin.<\/p><p>Utg&ouml;r en mycket liten del av penningm&auml;ngden idag (~2&ndash;5% i de flesta moderna ekonomier), d&aring; digitala betalningar har tagit &ouml;ver.<\/p><p>Skapas utan skuld, men deras anv&auml;ndning beror p&aring; efterfr&aring;gan fr&aring;n banker och allm&auml;nheten.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSt&auml;ng\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d02df81 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d02df81\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fd89a1 premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"7fd89a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"premium_modal_box_animation\":\"fadeInDown\"}' data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings='{\"trigger\":\"button\",\"show_on_exit\":false}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-7fd89a1\" type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-btn premium-btn-sm premium-button-none \" data-text=\"Kreditskapande genom banker \">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-button-text-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Kreditskapande genom banker <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-7fd89a1\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIns&auml;ttningar &ndash; M1\/M2\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"106\" data-end=\"133\"><strong data-start=\"109\" data-end=\"131\">Hur skapas pengar?<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"340\">N&auml;r en bank beviljar ett l&aring;n <strong data-start=\"164\" data-end=\"196\">skapas pengar ur tomma intet<\/strong> genom att ett nytt belopp skrivs in p&aring; l&aring;ntagarens konto &ndash; antingen genom att &ouml;ppna ett nytt konto eller s&auml;tta in pengarna p&aring; ett befintligt.<\/p><p data-start=\"342\" data-end=\"444\"><strong data-start=\"345\" data-end=\"385\">Detta &ouml;kar den totala penningm&auml;ngden<\/strong>, men n&auml;r l&aring;net &aring;terbetalas <strong data-start=\"413\" data-end=\"436\">f&ouml;rsvinner pengarna<\/strong> igen.<\/p><ul data-start=\"445\" data-end=\"655\"><li data-start=\"445\" data-end=\"542\">Om kreditgivningen avtar, <strong data-start=\"473\" data-end=\"499\">krymper penningm&auml;ngden<\/strong>, vilket kan leda till ekonomisk nedg&aring;ng.<\/li><li data-start=\"543\" data-end=\"655\"><strong data-start=\"545\" data-end=\"653\">Majoriteten av alla pengar i ekonomin skapas genom denna process &ndash; inte av staten, utan av aff&auml;rsbanker.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"662\" data-end=\"694\"><strong data-start=\"665\" data-end=\"692\">Och h&auml;r &auml;r systemfelet:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"696\" data-end=\"982\"><li data-start=\"696\" data-end=\"777\">Bankernas st&ouml;rsta inkomstk&auml;lla &auml;r att <strong data-start=\"736\" data-end=\"774\">skapa krediter och ta r&auml;nta p&aring; dem<\/strong>.<\/li><li data-start=\"778\" data-end=\"842\"><strong data-start=\"780\" data-end=\"840\">Ju mer skulds&auml;ttning i v&auml;rlden, desto h&ouml;gre bankvinster.<\/strong><\/li><li data-start=\"843\" data-end=\"982\">D&auml;rf&ouml;r har bankerna <strong data-start=\"865\" data-end=\"939\">ett extremt starkt incitament att st&auml;ndigt &ouml;ka den globala skuldb&ouml;rdan<\/strong> &ndash; utan att ta ansvar f&ouml;r konsekvenserna.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"984\" data-end=\"1004\"><strong data-start=\"987\" data-end=\"1002\">Resultatet?<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"1005\" data-end=\"1387\"><li data-start=\"1005\" data-end=\"1146\">Systemet &auml;r <strong data-start=\"1019\" data-end=\"1049\">or&auml;ttvist och exkluderande<\/strong> &ndash; det gynnar en liten del av v&auml;rldens befolkning medan resten tvingas in i &ouml;kad skulds&auml;ttning.<\/li><li data-start=\"1147\" data-end=\"1299\">Ist&auml;llet f&ouml;r att styra kapital till produktiva investeringar skapas <strong data-start=\"1217\" data-end=\"1251\">en enorm Planet- och folkskada<\/strong> genom <strong data-start=\"1258\" data-end=\"1296\">otillb&ouml;rlig allokering av resurser<\/strong>.<\/li><li data-start=\"1300\" data-end=\"1387\"><strong data-start=\"1302\" data-end=\"1385\">Skulder driver konsumtion och spekulation &ndash; men skapar inte h&aring;llbar utveckling.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSt&auml;ng\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-394bdb2 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"394bdb2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c3e769 premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"0c3e769\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"premium_modal_box_animation\":\"fadeInDown\"}' data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings='{\"trigger\":\"button\",\"show_on_exit\":false}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-0c3e769\" type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-btn premium-btn-sm premium-button-none \" data-text=\"Kvantitativa l&auml;ttnader - QE\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-button-text-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Kvantitativa l&auml;ttnader - QE<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-0c3e769\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tQE - krispengar\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"186\" data-end=\"515\">Kvantitativa l&auml;ttnader, QE,&nbsp; &auml;r en icke-traditionell metod d&auml;r centralbanker skapar digitala pengar f&ouml;r att k&ouml;pa obligationer och andra finansiella tillg&aring;ngar fr&aring;n banker och investerare. Syftet &auml;r att &ouml;ka likviditeten i ekonomin n&auml;r vanliga r&auml;ntes&auml;nkningar inte l&auml;ngre har effekt, som efter finanskrisen 2008 och pandemin 2020.<\/p><p data-start=\"517\" data-end=\"687\">Hur fungerar det?<br data-start=\"538\" data-end=\"541\">N&auml;r centralbanken k&ouml;per tillg&aring;ngar &ouml;kar bankernas digitala reserver, men det betyder inte automatiskt att mer pengar n&aring;r den reala ekonomin.<\/p><p data-start=\"689\" data-end=\"711\">Problemet med QE<\/p><ul data-start=\"712\" data-end=\"1214\"><li data-start=\"712\" data-end=\"878\">Kapitalet fastnar i finanssektorn &ndash; ist&auml;llet f&ouml;r att anv&auml;ndas till produktiva investeringar g&aring;r det in i b&ouml;rsen, fastigheter och andra spekulativa tillg&aring;ngar.<\/li><li data-start=\"879\" data-end=\"1082\">Tillg&aring;ngsinflation ist&auml;llet f&ouml;r ekonomisk tillv&auml;xt &ndash; aktiekurser skjuter i h&ouml;jden, men den breda penningm&auml;ngden (M2) &ouml;kar endast marginellt om bankerna inte l&aring;nar ut mer till f&ouml;retag och hush&aring;ll.<\/li><li data-start=\"1083\" data-end=\"1214\">&Ouml;kad oj&auml;mlikhet &ndash; de som &auml;ger finansiella tillg&aring;ngar gynnas oproportionerligt, medan den vanliga ekonomin ser liten effekt.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1216\" data-end=\"1466\">Slutsats: QE fungerar som ett st&ouml;d f&ouml;r finansmarknaderna snarare &auml;n en stimulans f&ouml;r realekonomin. Ist&auml;llet f&ouml;r att skapa h&aring;llbar tillv&auml;xt riskerar det att driva p&aring; spekulativa bubblor &ndash; vilket i sin tur leder till n&auml;sta ekonomiska kris.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSt&auml;ng\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5fbc38 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f5fbc38\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b00a32 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b00a32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0221553 premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"0221553\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"premium_modal_box_animation\":\"fadeInDown\"}' data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings='{\"trigger\":\"button\",\"show_on_exit\":false}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-0221553\" type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-btn premium-btn-sm premium-button-none \" data-text=\"Vad &auml;r en kommersiell bank?\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-button-text-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Vad &auml;r en kommersiell bank?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-0221553\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBanken - &quot;f&ouml;rr i tiden&quot;\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"246\" data-end=\"292\"><strong data-start=\"249\" data-end=\"290\">Kommersiella banker &ndash; Din vardagsbank<\/strong><\/p><p>N&auml;r du t&auml;nker p&aring; en bank, t&auml;nker du troligen p&aring; Swedbank, SEB, Handelsbanken eller Nordea &ndash; dessa &auml;r kommersiella banker.<\/p><p data-start=\"220\" data-end=\"315\"><strong data-start=\"224\" data-end=\"276\">Kommersiella bankers produkter &rdquo;f&ouml;rr i tiden&rdquo;<\/strong> (F&ouml;re fusionen med investmentbanker)<\/p><p data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"435\"><strong data-start=\"319\" data-end=\"357\">Kommersiella banker <\/strong>&nbsp;sysslade fr&auml;mst med <strong data-start=\"378\" data-end=\"408\">traditionella banktj&auml;nster<\/strong> f&ouml;r hush&aring;ll och f&ouml;retag.<\/p><p data-start=\"437\" data-end=\"473\"><strong data-start=\"439\" data-end=\"471\">1. Ins&auml;ttningar och sparande<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"579\"><li data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"503\">L&ouml;nekonton och sparkonton<\/li><li data-start=\"504\" data-end=\"550\">Bankcertifikat och tidsbundna ins&auml;ttningar<\/li><li data-start=\"551\" data-end=\"579\">Kassaservice och checkar<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"581\" data-end=\"613\"><strong data-start=\"583\" data-end=\"611\">2. L&aring;n och kreditgivning<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"614\" data-end=\"692\"><li data-start=\"614\" data-end=\"637\">Bol&aring;n (hypoteksl&aring;n)<\/li><li data-start=\"638\" data-end=\"653\">F&ouml;retagsl&aring;n<\/li><li data-start=\"654\" data-end=\"692\">Konsumtionskrediter och kreditkort<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"694\" data-end=\"725\"><strong data-start=\"696\" data-end=\"723\">3. Betalningsf&ouml;rmedling<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"726\" data-end=\"809\"><li data-start=\"726\" data-end=\"746\">Bank&ouml;verf&ouml;ringar<\/li><li data-start=\"747\" data-end=\"787\">Checksystem (innan digitaliseringen)<\/li><li data-start=\"788\" data-end=\"809\">V&auml;xling av valuta<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"811\" data-end=\"855\"><strong data-start=\"813\" data-end=\"853\">4. Kassahantering och sedelutgivning<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"856\" data-end=\"947\"><li data-start=\"856\" data-end=\"947\">Tidigare hade vissa banker r&auml;tt att ge ut egna sedlar (f&ouml;re centralbankernas dominans).<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"949\" data-end=\"1093\"><strong data-start=\"952\" data-end=\"964\">Viktigt:<\/strong> Dessa banker var <strong data-start=\"982\" data-end=\"1000\">l&aring;griskakt&ouml;rer<\/strong>, som tj&auml;nade pengar genom <strong data-start=\"1027\" data-end=\"1046\">r&auml;ntemarginalen<\/strong> (skillnaden mellan in- och utl&aring;ningsr&auml;ntor).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSt&auml;ng\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc66db2 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fc66db2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e2a0ac premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"9e2a0ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"premium_modal_box_animation\":\"fadeInDown\"}' data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings='{\"trigger\":\"button\",\"show_on_exit\":false}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-9e2a0ac\" type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-btn premium-btn-sm premium-button-none \" data-text=\"Vad &auml;r en investmentbank?\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-button-text-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Vad &auml;r en investmentbank?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-9e2a0ac\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tInvetsmentbanken - &quot;f&ouml;rr i tiden&quot;\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"938\" data-end=\"998\">Investmentbanker &ndash; Spekulanterna p&aring; finansmarknaden<\/p><p data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1155\"><strong data-start=\"1104\" data-end=\"1153\">Investmentbankers produkter &rdquo;f&ouml;rr i tiden&rdquo;<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"1156\" data-end=\"1301\"><strong data-start=\"1159\" data-end=\"1179\">Investmentbanker<\/strong> var en helt annan typ av akt&ouml;r &ndash; de tog <strong data-start=\"1220\" data-end=\"1235\">h&ouml;ga risker<\/strong> och sysslade med <strong data-start=\"1253\" data-end=\"1298\">kapitalmarknader och f&ouml;retagsfinansiering<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"1303\" data-end=\"1338\"><strong data-start=\"1305\" data-end=\"1336\">1. B&ouml;rsintroduktioner (IPO)<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"1339\" data-end=\"1401\"><li data-start=\"1339\" data-end=\"1401\">Hj&auml;lpte f&ouml;retag att g&aring; till b&ouml;rsen genom att s&auml;lja aktier.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1403\" data-end=\"1465\"><strong data-start=\"1405\" data-end=\"1463\">2. Fusioner och f&ouml;rv&auml;rv (M&amp;A &ndash; Mergers &amp; Acquisitions)<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"1466\" data-end=\"1514\"><li data-start=\"1466\" data-end=\"1514\">R&aring;dgav vid f&ouml;retagsk&ouml;p och sammanslagningar.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1516\" data-end=\"1559\"><strong data-start=\"1518\" data-end=\"1557\">3. Emissioner och obligationshandel<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"1560\" data-end=\"1637\"><li data-start=\"1560\" data-end=\"1637\">Hj&auml;lpte f&ouml;retag att s&auml;lja aktier och obligationer f&ouml;r att skaffa kapital.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1639\" data-end=\"1673\"><strong data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1671\">4. Trading och spekulation<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"1674\" data-end=\"1838\"><li data-start=\"1674\" data-end=\"1728\">Handlade med aktier, valutor, r&aring;varor och derivat.<\/li><li data-start=\"1729\" data-end=\"1838\">Skapade komplexa finansiella produkter som <strong data-start=\"1774\" data-end=\"1796\">derivat och CDO:er<\/strong> (vilket bidrog till finanskrisen 2008).<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1840\" data-end=\"1957\"><strong data-start=\"1843\" data-end=\"1855\">Viktigt:<\/strong> Dessa banker <strong data-start=\"1869\" data-end=\"1889\">tog stora risker<\/strong> och tj&auml;nade pengar p&aring; spekulativ handel och transaktionsavgifter.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSt&auml;ng\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa9c393 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fa9c393\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acf5819 premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"acf5819\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"premium_modal_box_animation\":\"fadeInDown\"}' data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings='{\"trigger\":\"button\",\"show_on_exit\":false}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-acf5819\" type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-btn premium-btn-sm premium-button-none \" data-text=\"Finanssektorns farliga fusion\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-button-text-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Finanssektorns farliga fusion<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-acf5819\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNu f&ouml;r tiden...\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"117\" data-end=\"162\"><strong data-start=\"121\" data-end=\"160\">F&ouml;rr separerade, nu sammanslagna<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"164\" data-end=\"274\">Tidigare var kommersiella och investmentbanker &aring;tskilda f&ouml;r att skydda vanliga sparare fr&aring;n spekulation.<\/p><ul data-start=\"275\" data-end=\"524\"><li data-start=\"275\" data-end=\"378\">Glass-Steagall-lagen (1933&ndash;1999) i USA f&ouml;rbj&ouml;d aff&auml;rsbanker fr&aring;n att delta i spekulativ handel.<\/li><li data-start=\"379\" data-end=\"524\">Men avregleringar p&aring; 1990-talet &ouml;ppnade upp f&ouml;r storbankerna att <strong data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"521\">kombinera traditionell bankverksamhet med h&ouml;gfinansiell spekulation<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"526\" data-end=\"607\"><strong data-start=\"529\" data-end=\"605\">Resultatet? <\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"526\" data-end=\"607\">En explosiv fusion mellan aff&auml;rsbanker och investmentbanker.<\/p><p data-start=\"614\" data-end=\"655\"><strong data-start=\"618\" data-end=\"653\">Vad betyder det i praktiken?<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"657\" data-end=\"979\">Kommersiella banker b&ouml;rjade anv&auml;nda kundernas ins&auml;ttningar f&ouml;r att finansiera spekulativa investeringar.<\/p><p data-start=\"657\" data-end=\"979\">Investmentbanker fick tillg&aring;ng till billigare kapital genom aff&auml;rsbankernas balansr&auml;kningar.<\/p><p data-start=\"657\" data-end=\"979\">Banker kunde nu ta gigantiska risker &ndash; med garantin att staten skulle r&auml;dda dem om de gick omkull.<\/p><p data-start=\"981\" data-end=\"1094\">2008 kraschade systemet, men ist&auml;llet f&ouml;r att separera bankerna igen, blev de &auml;nnu st&ouml;rre och m&auml;ktigare.<\/p><p data-start=\"981\" data-end=\"1094\"><strong data-start=\"1105\" data-end=\"1141\">Finanssektorns nya spelregler<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1392\">Storbanker &auml;r nu b&aring;de aff&auml;rsbanker och investmentbanker, vilket ger dem <strong data-start=\"1224\" data-end=\"1266\">t<\/strong>otal dominans &ouml;ver pengar och ekonomi.<\/p><p data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1392\">De skapar pengar genom l&aring;n (kommersiell bank) och spekulerar med dem (investmentbank) &ndash;<strong data-start=\"1272\" data-end=\"1390\"> en livsfarlig kombination.<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"1394\" data-end=\"1735\">N&auml;r gr&auml;nserna mellan banktyperna f&ouml;rsvann, f&ouml;r&auml;ndrades hela finansv&auml;rlden:<br data-start=\"1475\" data-end=\"1478\">1. Kommersiella banker b&ouml;rjade spekulera med kundernas pengar.<br data-start=\"1545\" data-end=\"1548\">2. Investmentbanker fick tillg&aring;ng till obegr&auml;nsat kapital genom aff&auml;rsbankernas balansr&auml;kningar.<br data-start=\"1649\" data-end=\"1652\">3. Finanssektorn exploderade i storlek och drev upp skulds&auml;ttningen globalt.<\/p><p data-start=\"1394\" data-end=\"1735\"><strong>Slutsats: Fr&aring;n stabilitet till spekulationsmaskin<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"1806\" data-end=\"2131\">F&ouml;rr var bankerna separerade, och kommersiella banker hade en stabiliserande roll i ekonomin.<br data-start=\"1905\" data-end=\"1908\">Efter fusionen har de blivit spekulationsmaskiner, d&auml;r din inl&aring;ning anv&auml;nds f&ouml;r att finansiera derivathandel och b&ouml;rsbubblor.<br data-start=\"2039\" data-end=\"2042\">Detta system skapar finanskriser, &ouml;kar oj&auml;mlikheten och hotar den reala ekonomin.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSt&auml;ng\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a56355e e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a56355e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7aa595 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a7aa595\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-449ef48 premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"449ef48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"premium_modal_box_animation\":\"fadeInDown\"}' data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings='{\"trigger\":\"button\",\"show_on_exit\":false}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-449ef48\" type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-btn premium-btn-sm premium-button-none \" data-text=\"Bakgrund - Seigniorage\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-button-text-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Bakgrund - Seigniorage<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-449ef48\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t&quot;F&ouml;rr i tiden&quot;\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"577\" data-end=\"631\"><strong data-start=\"580\" data-end=\"629\">Seigniorage &ndash; En dold inkomstk&auml;lla f&ouml;r staten<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"632\" data-end=\"1309\"><li data-start=\"632\" data-end=\"844\"><strong data-start=\"634\" data-end=\"661\">Historiskt seigniorage:<\/strong> Ursprungligen kom seigniorage fr&aring;n myntpr&auml;gling, d&auml;r staten kunde pr&auml;gla mynt med ett nominellt v&auml;rde som &ouml;versteg metallens produktionskostnad. Detta gav en vinst till staten.<\/li><li data-start=\"845\" data-end=\"1071\"><strong data-start=\"847\" data-end=\"871\">Moderna seigniorage:<\/strong> N&auml;r centralbanker trycker sedlar eller skapar digitala reserver, f&aring;r de en indirekt vinst eftersom produktionskostnaden &auml;r n&auml;ra noll, men sedlarna kan anv&auml;ndas till deras fulla nominella v&auml;rde.<\/li><li data-start=\"1072\" data-end=\"1188\"><strong data-start=\"1074\" data-end=\"1086\">Exempel:<\/strong> Om det kostar 50 &ouml;re att producera en 100-kronorssedel, s&aring; &auml;r seigniorage-vinsten 99,50 kr.<\/li><li data-start=\"1189\" data-end=\"1309\">Men idag &auml;r det bankerna &ndash; inte staten &ndash; som har det st&ouml;rsta seignioraget genom kreditbaserad penningproduktion.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1311\" data-end=\"1380\"><strong data-start=\"1314\" data-end=\"1378\">Skillnad mellan centralbanksseigniorage och bankseigniorage:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"1381\" data-end=\"1630\"><li data-start=\"1381\" data-end=\"1483\"><strong data-start=\"1383\" data-end=\"1411\">Centralbanksseigniorage:<\/strong> Inkomst fr&aring;n att trycka fysiska pengar eller skapa digitala reserver.<\/li><li data-start=\"1484\" data-end=\"1630\"><strong data-start=\"1486\" data-end=\"1506\">Bankseigniorage:<\/strong> Inkomst fr&aring;n att skapa pengar genom l&aring;n och ta r&auml;nta p&aring; dem, vilket &auml;r en betydligt st&ouml;rre inkomstk&auml;lla i dagens ekonomi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSt&auml;ng\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac65a49 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ac65a49\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccd2404 premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"ccd2404\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"premium_modal_box_animation\":\"fadeInDown\"}' data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings='{\"trigger\":\"button\",\"show_on_exit\":false}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-ccd2404\" type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-btn premium-btn-sm premium-button-none \" data-text=\"Bankseigniorage\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-button-text-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Bankseigniorage<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-ccd2404\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tV&auml;rldens st&ouml;rsta subvention!\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"774\" data-end=\"828\"><strong data-start=\"777\" data-end=\"826\">Vad g&ouml;r banker annorlunda &auml;n andra l&aring;ngivare?<\/strong><\/p><p>Vanliga f&ouml;retag och finansinstitut m&aring;ste f&ouml;rst ha pengar innan de kan l&aring;na ut dem.<\/p><p>Banker d&auml;remot skapar nya pengar n&auml;r de beviljar l&aring;n &ndash; och tar r&auml;nta p&aring; dem.<\/p><p>Det betyder att banker har en inbyggd subvention j&auml;mf&ouml;rt med andra akt&ouml;rer, eftersom de inte beh&ouml;ver l&aring;na upp pengar till l&auml;gre r&auml;nta innan de l&aring;nar ut till h&ouml;gre r&auml;nta.<\/p><p data-start=\"1188\" data-end=\"1222\"><strong data-start=\"1191\" data-end=\"1220\">Ett exklusivt privilegium<\/strong><\/p><p>Banker kan allts&aring; skapa sina egna pengar utan kostnad och sedan tj&auml;na pengar p&aring; r&auml;ntan &ndash; n&aring;got ingen annan f&aring;r g&ouml;ra.<\/p><p>Denna f&ouml;rm&aring;n kallas <strong data-start=\"1370\" data-end=\"1389\">bankseigniorage eller&nbsp;fractional-reserve banking<\/strong>, och det &auml;r en av de st&ouml;rsta dolda subventionerna i det finansiella systemet. <strong data-start=\"4\" data-end=\"82\">Principen om bankseigniorage&nbsp; g&auml;ller globalt<\/strong>, men det finns <strong data-start=\"98\" data-end=\"127\">variationer mellan l&auml;nder<\/strong> beroende p&aring; regleringar och banksystemets struktur.&nbsp;<\/p><p data-start=\"195\" data-end=\"233\"><strong data-start=\"199\" data-end=\"231\">Vilka banker har denna r&auml;tt?<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"234\" data-end=\"359\">Det &auml;r fr&auml;mst de st&ouml;rre svenska bankerna och vissa utl&auml;ndska banker som har svensk banklicens. De mest framtr&auml;dande &auml;r:<\/p><p data-start=\"361\" data-end=\"427\"><strong data-start=\"366\" data-end=\"427\">1. De fyra storbankerna (dominerar den svenska marknaden)<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"428\" data-end=\"615\"><li data-start=\"428\" data-end=\"444\">Swedbank<\/li><li data-start=\"445\" data-end=\"488\">SEB (Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken)<\/li><li data-start=\"489\" data-end=\"510\">Handelsbanken<\/li><li data-start=\"511\" data-end=\"615\">Nordea (tidigare svensk, nu med huvudkontor i Finland men fortfarande en viktig akt&ouml;r i Sverige)<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"617\" data-end=\"777\">Dessa banker har full tillg&aring;ng till det svenska betalningssystemet och kan skapa krediter genom att l&aring;na ut pengar som de sj&auml;lva skapar genom bokf&ouml;ring.<\/p><p data-start=\"779\" data-end=\"844\"><strong data-start=\"784\" data-end=\"844\">2. Andra banker med r&auml;tt att skapa pengar genom krediter<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"845\" data-end=\"1021\"><li data-start=\"845\" data-end=\"874\">Danske Bank (Danmark)<\/li><li data-start=\"875\" data-end=\"904\">L&auml;nsf&ouml;rs&auml;kringar Bank<\/li><li data-start=\"905\" data-end=\"926\">Skandiabanken<\/li><li data-start=\"927\" data-end=\"1021\">SBAB Bank (statlig bol&aring;nebank, men har en mer begr&auml;nsad roll j&auml;mf&ouml;rt med storbankerna)<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1023\" data-end=\"1074\"><strong data-start=\"1028\" data-end=\"1074\">3. Utl&auml;ndska banker med filialer i Sverige<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"1222\"><li data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"1107\">Deutsche Bank (Tyskland)<\/li><li data-start=\"1108\" data-end=\"1133\">J.P. Morgan (USA)<\/li><li data-start=\"1134\" data-end=\"1165\">BNP Paribas (Frankrike)<\/li><li data-start=\"1166\" data-end=\"1188\">Citibank (USA)<\/li><li data-start=\"1189\" data-end=\"1222\">Barclays (Storbritannien)<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1224\" data-end=\"1384\">Dessa banker har tillst&aring;nd att bedriva viss kreditgivning i Sverige, men deras roll i den svenska penningm&auml;ngden &auml;r mindre j&auml;mf&ouml;rt med de inhemska storbankerna.<\/p><p data-start=\"1391\" data-end=\"1434\"><strong data-start=\"1395\" data-end=\"1434\">4. Banker som inte har bankseigniorage<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"1435\" data-end=\"1873\"><li data-start=\"1435\" data-end=\"1615\">Nischbanker och kreditmarknadsbolag (t.ex. ICA Banken, Resurs Bank, Collector Bank, Klarna) har begr&auml;nsad r&auml;tt att skapa krediter och omfattas ofta av striktare regler.<\/li><li data-start=\"1616\" data-end=\"1759\">Investmentbanker (t.ex. Carnegie och Pareto) sysslar mer med investeringar och f&ouml;retagsfinansiering &auml;n med att skapa krediter ur intet.<\/li><li data-start=\"1760\" data-end=\"1873\">Riksbanken &ndash; skapar inte pengar genom krediter till allm&auml;nheten, utan via centralbankspengar (M0) och QE.<\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSt&auml;ng\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a0feff e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9a0feff\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc99db1 premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"dc99db1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"premium_modal_box_animation\":\"fadeInDown\"}' data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings='{\"trigger\":\"button\",\"show_on_exit\":false}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-dc99db1\" type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-btn premium-btn-sm premium-button-none \" data-text=\"Exempel bankseibniorage\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-button-text-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Exempel bankseibniorage<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-dc99db1\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKommersiella bankers guldsits\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"183\" data-end=\"250\"><strong data-start=\"186\" data-end=\"248\">Bank med bankseigniorage (vanlig aff&auml;rsbank)<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"251\" data-end=\"368\"><strong data-start=\"254\" data-end=\"267\">Scenario:<\/strong> Du ans&ouml;ker om ett bol&aring;n p&aring; <strong data-start=\"295\" data-end=\"312\">2 miljoner kr<\/strong> hos en storbank (t.ex. Swedbank, SEB, Handelsbanken).<\/p><p data-start=\"370\" data-end=\"390\"><strong data-start=\"373\" data-end=\"388\">Vad h&auml;nder?<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"391\" data-end=\"677\"><li data-start=\"391\" data-end=\"474\">Banken skapar <strong data-start=\"407\" data-end=\"439\">2 miljoner kr ur tomma intet<\/strong> genom ett enkelt bokf&ouml;ringsknep.<\/li><li data-start=\"475\" data-end=\"579\">Summan registreras som en <strong data-start=\"503\" data-end=\"531\">ins&auml;ttning p&aring; ditt konto<\/strong>, men den tas inte fr&aring;n en annan kunds pengar.<\/li><li data-start=\"580\" data-end=\"677\">Banken f&aring;r nu <strong data-start=\"596\" data-end=\"622\">r&auml;nta p&aring; hela beloppet<\/strong>, trots att de <strong data-start=\"637\" data-end=\"674\">inte beh&ouml;vde ha pengarna i f&ouml;rv&auml;g<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"679\" data-end=\"699\"><strong data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"697\">Konsekvens:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"700\" data-end=\"978\"><li data-start=\"700\" data-end=\"807\">Banken tj&auml;nar pengar utan att ha haft n&aring;gon verklig kostnad &ndash; detta &auml;r <strong data-start=\"773\" data-end=\"804\">bankseigniorage i praktiken<\/strong>.<\/li><li data-start=\"808\" data-end=\"890\">Banken tar <strong data-start=\"821\" data-end=\"844\">ingen egentlig risk<\/strong> eftersom de kan skapa mer pengar vid behov.<\/li><li data-start=\"891\" data-end=\"978\">Konkurrensen snedvrids eftersom andra finansakt&ouml;rer <strong data-start=\"945\" data-end=\"975\">inte har samma privilegium<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1113\">Bank utan bankseigniorage<\/strong><\/p><p><strong data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1113\">Scenario:<\/strong> Du ans&ouml;ker om samma <strong data-start=\"1134\" data-end=\"1151\">2 miljoner kr<\/strong> hos en <strong data-start=\"1159\" data-end=\"1180\">icke-seigniorbank<\/strong> (t.ex. en nischbank, ett finansbolag eller ett f&ouml;retag som l&aring;nar ut kapital).<\/p><p data-start=\"1262\" data-end=\"1282\"><strong data-start=\"1265\" data-end=\"1280\">Vad h&auml;nder?<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"1283\" data-end=\"1683\"><li data-start=\"1283\" data-end=\"1372\">Banken eller f&ouml;retaget <strong data-start=\"1308\" data-end=\"1343\">m&aring;ste f&ouml;rst ha dessa 2 miljoner<\/strong> f&ouml;r att kunna l&aring;na ut dem.<\/li><li data-start=\"1373\" data-end=\"1566\">De kan antingen:<br data-start=\"1391\" data-end=\"1394\">&ndash; Ha tj&auml;nat ihop kapitalet genom tidigare vinster.<br data-start=\"1448\" data-end=\"1451\">&ndash; L&aring;na upp pengarna fr&aring;n en annan akt&ouml;r till en viss r&auml;nta och sedan l&aring;na ut dem till dig med en h&ouml;gre r&auml;nta.<\/li><li data-start=\"1567\" data-end=\"1683\">De kan <strong data-start=\"1576\" data-end=\"1614\">inte skapa pengarna ur tomma intet<\/strong>, vilket inneb&auml;r att varje l&aring;n &auml;r en faktisk ekonomisk transaktion.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1685\" data-end=\"1705\"><strong data-start=\"1688\" data-end=\"1703\">Konsekvens:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"1706\" data-end=\"2103\"><li data-start=\"1706\" data-end=\"1870\">Banken har <strong data-start=\"1719\" data-end=\"1741\">en verklig kostnad<\/strong> f&ouml;r att l&aring;na ut pengarna &ndash; antingen genom f&ouml;rlorad alternativ avkastning eller genom att beh&ouml;va betala r&auml;nta p&aring; sin uppl&aring;ning.<\/li><li data-start=\"1871\" data-end=\"1994\">De <strong data-start=\"1876\" data-end=\"1922\">kan inte expandera sin utl&aring;ning obegr&auml;nsat<\/strong>, eftersom de beh&ouml;ver s&auml;kerst&auml;lla att de har tillr&auml;ckligt med kapital.<\/li><li data-start=\"1995\" data-end=\"2103\"><strong data-start=\"1997\" data-end=\"2026\">H&aring;rdare konkurrensvillkor<\/strong> j&auml;mf&ouml;rt med banker med bankseigniorage, som kan skapa krediter obegr&auml;nsat.<\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSt&auml;ng\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6c0af2 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d6c0af2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b2ffa5 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b2ffa5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4692a21 premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"4692a21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"premium_modal_box_animation\":\"fadeInDown\"}' data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings='{\"trigger\":\"button\",\"show_on_exit\":false}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-4692a21\" type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-btn premium-btn-sm premium-button-none \" data-text=\"Resultatr&auml;kningar fr&aring;n exempel\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-button-text-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Resultatr&auml;kningar fr&aring;n exempel<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-4692a21\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBanksubventioner - enkla pengar r&auml;kna hem\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"188\" data-end=\"252\"><strong data-start=\"192\" data-end=\"250\">Hur mycket av r&auml;ntan &auml;r bankseigniorage?<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"253\" data-end=\"272\">L&aring;t oss anta att:<\/p><ul data-start=\"273\" data-end=\"605\"><li data-start=\"273\" data-end=\"371\"><strong data-start=\"275\" data-end=\"311\">Bank med bankseigniorage<\/strong> ger ett l&aring;n p&aring; <strong data-start=\"327\" data-end=\"344\">2 miljoner kr<\/strong> till en r&auml;nta p&aring; <strong data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"368\">4%<\/strong>.<\/li><li data-start=\"372\" data-end=\"463\"><strong data-start=\"374\" data-end=\"411\">Bank utan bankseigniorage<\/strong> m&aring;ste l&aring;na upp pengarna innan de kan l&aring;na ut dem.<\/li><li data-start=\"464\" data-end=\"605\">Banken utan bankseigniorage l&aring;nar upp kapitalet till en r&auml;nta p&aring; <strong data-start=\"531\" data-end=\"537\">2%<\/strong> och l&aring;nar ut det till <strong data-start=\"560\" data-end=\"566\">4%<\/strong> (vilket ger en r&auml;ntemarginal p&aring; 2%).<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"607\" data-end=\"633\"><strong data-start=\"607\" data-end=\"631\">R&auml;kneexempel per &aring;r:<\/strong><\/p><table data-start=\"635\" data-end=\"1077\"><thead data-start=\"635\" data-end=\"726\"><tr data-start=\"635\" data-end=\"726\"><th data-start=\"635\" data-end=\"646\">Scenario<\/th><th data-start=\"646\" data-end=\"659\">L&aring;nebelopp<\/th><th data-start=\"659\" data-end=\"676\">Utl&aring;ningsr&auml;nta<\/th><th data-start=\"676\" data-end=\"694\">Uppl&aring;ningsr&auml;nta<\/th><th data-start=\"694\" data-end=\"707\">R&auml;ntenetto<\/th><th data-start=\"707\" data-end=\"726\">Bankseigniorage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"1077\"><tr data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"945\"><td>Bank med bankseigniorage<\/td><td>2 milj. kr<\/td><td><strong data-start=\"861\" data-end=\"867\">4%<\/strong><\/td><td><strong data-start=\"870\" data-end=\"892\">0% (gratis pengar)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong data-start=\"895\" data-end=\"908\">80 000 kr<\/strong><\/td><td><strong data-start=\"911\" data-end=\"943\">80 000 kr (100% seigniorage)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"946\" data-end=\"1077\"><td>Bank utan bankseigniorage<\/td><td>2 milj. kr<\/td><td><strong data-start=\"993\" data-end=\"999\">4%<\/strong><\/td><td><strong data-start=\"1002\" data-end=\"1028\">2% (uppl&aring;ningskostnad)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong data-start=\"1031\" data-end=\"1044\">40 000 kr<\/strong><\/td><td><strong data-start=\"1047\" data-end=\"1075\">0 kr (ingen seigniorage)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><hr data-start=\"1079\" data-end=\"1082\"><p data-start=\"1084\" data-end=\"1104\"><strong data-start=\"1088\" data-end=\"1104\">Slutsats:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"1105\" data-end=\"1576\"><li data-start=\"1105\" data-end=\"1242\">I fallet med bankseigniorage &auml;r hela r&auml;ntenettot (80 000 kr per &aring;r) en ren vinst eftersom banken skapade pengarna ur tomma intet.<\/li><li data-start=\"1243\" data-end=\"1399\">F&ouml;r en vanlig l&aring;ngivare (utan bankseigniorage) &auml;r bara h&auml;lften av r&auml;ntenettot ren vinst, eftersom de f&ouml;rst m&aring;ste l&aring;na upp kapitalet till en kostnad.<\/li><li data-start=\"1400\" data-end=\"1576\">I det h&auml;r fallet kan vi s&auml;ga att 50% av r&auml;ntan du betalar till storbanken &auml;r rent seigniorage &ndash; pengar som de f&aring;r som en systematisk f&ouml;rdel j&auml;mf&ouml;rt med andra l&aring;ngivare.<\/li><\/ul><p>Bankseigniorage inneb&auml;r allts&aring; att banker har en inbyggd subvention d&auml;r de kan ta ut r&auml;nta p&aring; pengar de aldrig beh&ouml;vt l&aring;na upp.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSt&auml;ng\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-010b5a0 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"010b5a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c1befb premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"7c1befb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"premium_modal_box_animation\":\"fadeInDown\"}' data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings='{\"trigger\":\"button\",\"show_on_exit\":false}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-7c1befb\" type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-btn premium-btn-sm premium-button-none \" data-text=\"Utan banksignoirage - h&ouml;gre r&auml;nta?\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-button-text-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Utan banksignoirage - h&ouml;gre r&auml;nta?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-7c1befb\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMindre spekulativ kredit\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"258\" data-end=\"342\"><strong data-start=\"262\" data-end=\"342\">Utan bankseigniorage skulle r&auml;ntan bli h&ouml;gre f&ouml;r l&aring;ntagaren<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"343\" data-end=\"537\">Tanken bakom denna inv&auml;ndning &auml;r att om banker var tvungna att l&aring;na upp pengar f&ouml;rst, skulle deras kostnader &ouml;ka, vilket tvingar dem att ta ut en h&ouml;gre r&auml;nta f&ouml;r att bibeh&aring;lla l&ouml;nsamheten.<\/p><p data-start=\"539\" data-end=\"592\"><strong data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"590\">Men h&auml;r &auml;r varf&ouml;r det inte st&auml;mmer fullt ut:<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"599\" data-end=\"687\"><strong data-start=\"603\" data-end=\"687\">1.Bankseigniorage leder till &ouml;verdriven kreditexpansion och &ouml;kad skulds&auml;ttning<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"688\" data-end=\"1249\"><li data-start=\"688\" data-end=\"859\">Eftersom banker kan skapa pengar fritt genom kreditgivning, leder detta till <strong data-start=\"767\" data-end=\"790\">&ouml;verdriven utl&aring;ning<\/strong> &ndash; s&auml;rskilt till spekulativa tillg&aring;ngar som fastigheter och aktier.<\/li><li data-start=\"860\" data-end=\"965\"><strong data-start=\"862\" data-end=\"963\">Mer pengar i omlopp = h&ouml;gre tillg&aring;ngspriser = st&ouml;rre l&aring;n beh&ouml;vs = st&ouml;rre r&auml;ntekostnader f&ouml;r alla.<\/strong><\/li><li data-start=\"966\" data-end=\"1095\">Utan bankseigniorage skulle det finnas <strong data-start=\"1007\" data-end=\"1035\">mindre spekulativ kredit<\/strong>, vilket skulle minska bostadspriser och f&ouml;retagsbel&aring;ning.<\/li><li data-start=\"1096\" data-end=\"1249\"><strong data-start=\"1098\" data-end=\"1111\">Resultat:<\/strong> L&aring;nebeloppen skulle minska, vilket g&ouml;r att &auml;ven om r&auml;ntan var n&aring;got h&ouml;gre, skulle de totala kostnaderna f&ouml;r l&aring;ntagaren kunna bli l&auml;gre.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1251\" data-end=\"1456\"><strong data-start=\"1254\" data-end=\"1266\">Exempel:<\/strong> Om bostadspriserna inte hade drivits upp av oh&auml;mmad kreditgivning, skulle du kanske l&aring;na 1,5 miljoner ist&auml;llet f&ouml;r 2 miljoner &ndash; vilket s&auml;nker dina r&auml;ntekostnader &auml;ven om r&auml;ntan var h&ouml;gre.<\/p><p data-start=\"1463\" data-end=\"1541\"><strong data-start=\"1467\" data-end=\"1541\">2. Aff&auml;rsbanker med seigniorage har inget incitament att s&auml;nka r&auml;ntan<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"1542\" data-end=\"2003\"><li data-start=\"1542\" data-end=\"1684\">I en <strong data-start=\"1549\" data-end=\"1577\">riktig konkurrensmarknad<\/strong> skulle banker vara tvungna att konkurrera om ins&auml;ttningar och uppl&aring;ning, vilket kan h&aring;lla nere r&auml;ntorna.<\/li><li data-start=\"1685\" data-end=\"1859\">Men dagens system ger storbankerna <strong data-start=\"1722\" data-end=\"1757\">ett monopol p&aring; att skapa pengar<\/strong>, vilket inneb&auml;r att de kan <strong data-start=\"1785\" data-end=\"1856\">s&auml;tta r&auml;ntan p&aring; en niv&aring; som maximerar deras vinster utan konkurrens<\/strong>.<\/li><li data-start=\"1860\" data-end=\"2003\"><strong data-start=\"1862\" data-end=\"2001\">Om de verkligen kunde s&auml;nka r&auml;ntorna, varf&ouml;r &auml;r d&aring; bol&aring;ner&auml;ntorna &auml;nd&aring; relativt h&ouml;ga trots att bankerna skapar pengarna ur tomma intet?<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"2005\" data-end=\"2158\"><strong data-start=\"2008\" data-end=\"2156\">Utan bankseigniorage skulle vi f&aring; en mer transparent och konkurrensutsatt r&auml;ntes&auml;ttning, d&auml;r l&aring;ngivare faktiskt tvingas betala f&ouml;r sitt kapital.<\/strong><\/p><p data-start=\"2165\" data-end=\"2248\"><strong data-start=\"2169\" data-end=\"2248\">3. En stabilare ekonomi minskar riskpremien och kan s&auml;nka r&auml;ntan naturligt<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"2249\" data-end=\"2689\"><li data-start=\"2249\" data-end=\"2414\">I dagens system m&aring;ste banker r&auml;kna in <strong data-start=\"2289\" data-end=\"2339\">riskpremier f&ouml;r att hantera finansiella kriser<\/strong>, eftersom deras modell bygger p&aring; h&ouml;g skulds&auml;ttning och bubbeltillg&aring;ngar.<\/li><li data-start=\"2415\" data-end=\"2561\">Utan bankseigniorage skulle kreditgivningen bli mer f&ouml;rsiktig och h&aring;llbar, vilket <strong data-start=\"2499\" data-end=\"2558\">kan s&auml;nka riskpremien och h&aring;lla nere r&auml;ntorna naturligt<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSt&auml;ng\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5462751 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5462751\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b02286d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b02286d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Finansiella Parasiter bl&aring;ser oss trippelt - ett pyramidspel<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6395c90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6395c90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"183\" data-end=\"327\">Det finansiella systemets genialitet ligger i dess otillb&ouml;rlighet &ndash; ett system d&auml;r de <strong data-start=\"269\" data-end=\"324\">inte bara &ouml;verlever kriser, utan &auml;ven tj&auml;nar p&aring; dem<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"329\" data-end=\"624\">N&auml;r en kris sl&aring;r till och systemet kollapsar under sin egen spekulation, d&aring; kliver stater och centralbanker in med massiva r&auml;ddningspaket och &ouml;kar M2 f&ouml;r att undvika total h&auml;rdsm&auml;lta. Officiellt handlar det om att &rdquo;r&auml;dda ekonomin&rdquo;, men i verkligheten &auml;r det <strong data-start=\"587\" data-end=\"621\">finanssektorn som r&auml;ddas f&ouml;rst<\/strong>. Se pop-up ovan, &rdquo;Kvantitativa l&auml;ttnader &ndash; QE.&rdquo;<\/p><p data-start=\"626\" data-end=\"683\">Och h&auml;r kommer den verkliga finurligheten i <strong data-start=\"701\" data-end=\"760\">V&auml;rldens st&ouml;rsta bl&aring;sning &ndash; ett pyramidspel i tre steg:<\/strong><\/p><ol data-start=\"685\" data-end=\"1345\"><li data-start=\"685\" data-end=\"884\"><p data-start=\"688\" data-end=\"884\"><strong data-start=\"688\" data-end=\"715\">F&ouml;rst skapar de bubblan<\/strong> &ndash;&nbsp;<span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Banker och finansiella institutioner eldar p&aring; spekulation och riskfyllda investeringar under h&ouml;gkonjunkturer. M2 sv&auml;ller, pengar fl&ouml;dar, och vinsterna <\/span><strong style=\"font-style: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\" data-start=\"952\" data-end=\"968\">privatiseras<\/strong><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\"> till de som sitter h&ouml;gst upp i systemet.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"886\" data-end=\"1106\"><p data-start=\"889\" data-end=\"1106\"><strong data-start=\"889\" data-end=\"919\">Sedan kraschar de systemet<\/strong> &ndash;&nbsp;<span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Tillg&aring;ngspriser imploderar, krediter fryser, och recessionen sl&aring;r till. <\/span><strong style=\"font-style: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\" data-start=\"1125\" data-end=\"1203\">De p&aring; toppen har redan tagit sin vinst och l&auml;mnar oss andra med skulderna.<\/strong><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\"> Det &auml;r h&auml;rifr&aring;n uttrycket <\/span><em style=\"font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\" data-start=\"1230\" data-end=\"1256\">f&ouml;rlusterna socialiseras<\/em><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\"> h&auml;rstammar. Stater och centralbanker har &rdquo;inget val&rdquo; annat &auml;n att r&auml;dda finanssektorn &ndash; samma akt&ouml;rer som orsakade krisen.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1108\" data-end=\"1345\"><p data-start=\"1111\" data-end=\"1345\"><strong data-start=\"1111\" data-end=\"1154\">Slutligen tj&auml;nar de p&aring; &aring;teruppbyggnaden<\/strong> &ndash;&nbsp;<span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">N&auml;r r&auml;ddningspaketen v&auml;l &auml;r p&aring; plats, tj&auml;nar de pengar p&aring; administrationen av n&ouml;dkrediter, skuldhantering och r&auml;ntedifferenser. <\/span><strong style=\"font-style: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\" data-start=\"1564\" data-end=\"1623\">De s&auml;ljer tillbaka skulderna till ekonomin &ndash; med r&auml;nta.<\/strong><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\"> Vinsterna privatiseras igen!<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p data-start=\"1347\" data-end=\"1489\">Precis som i ett pyramidspel finansieras de p&aring; toppen av dem l&auml;ngre ner i hierarkin. De som kommer in sist &ndash; vanliga m&auml;nniskor och skattebetalare &ndash; sitter fast med skulderna n&auml;r spelet kollapsar.<\/p><p data-start=\"1347\" data-end=\"1489\"><strong data-start=\"1347\" data-end=\"1362\">Resultatet?<\/strong> De tj&auml;nar pengar p&aring; <strong data-start=\"1383\" data-end=\"1396\">v&auml;gen upp<\/strong>, de blir r&auml;ddade <strong data-start=\"1414\" data-end=\"1434\">n&auml;r det kraschar<\/strong>, och sedan tj&auml;nar de pengar <strong data-start=\"1463\" data-end=\"1486\">p&aring; &aring;teruppbyggnaden<\/strong>.&nbsp;<strong style=\"font-style: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">V&auml;rldens st&ouml;rtsa bl&aring;sning<\/strong><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\"> &auml;r egentligen en <\/span><strong style=\"font-style: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">trippel&nbsp;bl&aring;sning<\/strong><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\"> &ndash; och vi &auml;r de som betalar notan. L&aring;t oss titta n&auml;rmare p&aring; detta!<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd90985 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fd90985\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd48761 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd48761\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Finansparasiternas dj&auml;vulska cirkularitet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e44977 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e44977\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"74\" data-end=\"617\">Bilden nedan visar tydligt hur skulderna inom den finansiella sektorn och de icke-finansiella f&ouml;retagen &ouml;kade markant under 2008, medan statsskulderna b&ouml;rjade stiga kraftigt fr&aring;n 2009 och fram&aring;t. Genom bokf&ouml;ringstekniska man&ouml;vrar sk&ouml;ts staternas direkta skulds&auml;ttning upp &ndash; centralbankerna absorberade stora m&auml;ngder skuld genom kvantitativa l&auml;ttnader (QE) och statliga garantier som realiserades f&ouml;rst senare. N&auml;r dessa &aring;tg&auml;rder successivt &ouml;vergick i direkta stimulanspaket och l&aring;nefinansierade insatser b&ouml;rjade statsskulderna &ouml;ka i snabb takt.&nbsp;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8deb29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f8deb29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"669\" src=\"https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-3-1024x669.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-111371\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-3-1024x669.png 1024w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-3-600x392.png 600w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-3-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-3-768x502.png 768w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-3-1536x1003.png 1536w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-3-2048x1337.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Bild 2<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0674d1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0674d1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K&auml;lla Totala skulder: IIF &ndash; IInstitute of nternational&nbsp; Finance<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27518b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"27518b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"161\" data-end=\"255\"><strong data-start=\"165\" data-end=\"238\">Bubbla 1: Finanskrisen 2008 &ndash; Subprimekraschen och globala bankkrisen<\/strong> (~2001&ndash;2009)<\/h2><div>&nbsp;<\/div><p data-start=\"256\" data-end=\"298\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong data-start=\"259\" data-end=\"296\">1. Bubblan bl&aring;ses upp (2001&ndash;2007)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul data-start=\"302\" data-end=\"896\"><li data-start=\"302\" data-end=\"416\">Efter <strong data-start=\"310\" data-end=\"341\">dotcom-kraschen (2000&ndash;2002)<\/strong> s&auml;nkte <strong data-start=\"349\" data-end=\"386\">Federal Reserve r&auml;ntorna kraftigt<\/strong> f&ouml;r att stimulera ekonomin.<\/li><li data-start=\"420\" data-end=\"566\">Banker och investerare bl&aring;ste upp en <strong data-start=\"459\" data-end=\"476\">bostadsbubbla<\/strong>, d&auml;r <strong data-start=\"482\" data-end=\"497\">subprimel&aring;n<\/strong> (h&ouml;g risk, l&aring;g kreditv&auml;rdighet) blev en enorm spekulationsdrivare.<\/li><li data-start=\"570\" data-end=\"677\">Finanssektorn <strong data-start=\"586\" data-end=\"633\">paketerade dessa l&aring;n i v&auml;rdepapper (CDO:er)<\/strong>, vilket gjorde att risken spreds globalt. Detta var en mycket riskfylld mekanism, se pop-ups nedan.&nbsp;<\/li><li data-start=\"681\" data-end=\"785\"><strong data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"701\">M2-expansionen<\/strong> gick in i fastigheter och derivatmarknader, medan realekonomin fick sm&aring; effekter.<\/li><li data-start=\"789\" data-end=\"896\">Banker och investerare tj&auml;nade enorma vinster genom att bel&aring;na och s&auml;lja dessa strukturerade produkter.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"898\" data-end=\"939\">&nbsp;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-850fc2f e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"850fc2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00dd6a0 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"00dd6a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95a0522 premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"95a0522\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"premium_modal_box_animation\":\"fadeInDown\"}' data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings='{\"trigger\":\"button\",\"show_on_exit\":false}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-95a0522\" type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-btn premium-btn-sm premium-button-none \" data-text=\"Mekanik subprimel&aring;n\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-button-text-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Mekanik subprimel&aring;n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-95a0522\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExempel parasit&auml;rt beteende\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong data-start=\"652\" data-end=\"726\">1. Dessa l&aring;n paketerades om till CDO:er (Collateralized Debt Obligations)<\/strong>&nbsp;&ndash; komplexa v&auml;rdepapper som inneh&ouml;ll tusentals bostadsl&aring;n i olika riskklasser.<\/p><p><strong data-start=\"811\" data-end=\"834\">2. CDO:erna tranchedes<\/strong>&nbsp;(delades upp i olika riskniv&aring;er &ndash; AAA, AA, BBB, etc.), vilket gav illusionen av s&auml;kerhet &auml;ven f&ouml;r h&ouml;g-risk-l&aring;n.<\/p><p><strong data-start=\"953\" data-end=\"1003\">3. Internationella investerare k&ouml;pte dessa CDO:er<\/strong>&nbsp;eftersom kreditv&auml;rderingsinstitut hade gett dem h&ouml;ga betyg (trots den underliggande risken).&nbsp;<\/p><p><strong data-start=\"1103\" data-end=\"1208\">4. Amerikanska bostadsl&aring;n &auml;gdes pl&ouml;tsligt av globala banker, fonder och pensionsf&ouml;rvaltare v&auml;rlden &ouml;ver.<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSt&auml;ng\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35fc574 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35fc574\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c58c92c premium-modal-dismissible-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-modal-box\" data-id=\"c58c92c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"premium_modal_box_animation\":\"fadeInDown\"}' data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-modal-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-container\" data-settings='{\"trigger\":\"button\",\"show_on_exit\":false}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-trigger-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button data-toggle=\"premium-modal\" data-target=\"#premium-modal-c58c92c\" type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-trigger-btn premium-btn-sm premium-button-none \" data-text=\"Konsekvenser subprimel&aring;n\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-button-text-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Konsekvenser subprimel&aring;n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"premium-modal-c58c92c\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal\" role=\"dialog\" style=\"display: none\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-dialog\" data-delay-animation=\"\" data-modal-animation=\"fadeInDown animated-fast\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNationell business blev global\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-close-button-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">&times;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-start=\"1233\" data-end=\"1587\"><li data-start=\"1233\" data-end=\"1317\">N&auml;r den amerikanska bostadsmarknaden kraschade 2007&ndash;2008, f&ouml;ll CDO:erna i v&auml;rde.<\/li><li data-start=\"1318\" data-end=\"1406\">Globala investerare drabbades, vilket utl&ouml;ste en dominoeffekt av finansiell kollaps.<\/li><li data-start=\"1407\" data-end=\"1587\"><strong data-start=\"1409\" data-end=\"1585\">Detta &auml;r ett tydligt exempel p&aring; hur storfinansen g&ouml;r nationell business (amerikanska hush&aring;ll) till global business &ndash; och d&auml;rmed skapar systemrisker f&ouml;r hela v&auml;rldsekonomin.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"premium-modal-box-modal-lower-close\" data-dismiss=\"premium-modal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSt&auml;ng\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b6647c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b6647c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"161\" data-end=\"255\">&nbsp;<\/h2><p data-start=\"161\" data-end=\"255\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong data-start=\"901\" data-end=\"937\">2. Systemet kraschar (2007&ndash;2009)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul data-start=\"943\" data-end=\"1434\"><li data-start=\"943\" data-end=\"1035\">Bostadsbubblan spricker n&auml;r r&auml;nteh&ouml;jningar g&ouml;r att subprimel&aring;ntagare b&ouml;rjar fallera.<\/li><li data-start=\"1039\" data-end=\"1153\">Banker och investerare inser att deras v&auml;rdepapper (CDO:er) &auml;r v&auml;rdel&ouml;sa, och likviditetskrisen sl&aring;r till.<\/li><li data-start=\"1157\" data-end=\"1273\">Lehman Brothers kollapsar (september 2008), vilket utl&ouml;ser en kedjereaktion av kreditfrysningar och b&ouml;rsras.<\/li><li data-start=\"1277\" data-end=\"1434\">Stater och centralbanker tvingas r&auml;dda finanssektorn genom massiva st&ouml;dpaket och statliga ingripanden (TARP i USA, r&auml;ddning av AIG och flera banker).<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1436\" data-end=\"1494\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong data-start=\"1439\" data-end=\"1492\">3. R&auml;ddningspaketen blir n&auml;sta bubbla (2009&ndash;2010)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul data-start=\"1498\" data-end=\"1972\"><li data-start=\"1498\" data-end=\"1627\">F&ouml;r att stoppa krisen s&auml;nks r&auml;ntorna till rekordl&aring;ga niv&aring;er, och centralbankerna startar kvantitativa l&auml;ttnader (QE).<\/li><li data-start=\"1631\" data-end=\"1731\">Bankerna r&auml;ddas, men skulden flyttas &ouml;ver till staterna, vilket &ouml;kar statsskulderna markant. Se gr&ouml;n linje och pil i bild 2 ovan.<\/li><li data-start=\"1735\" data-end=\"1834\">Ist&auml;llet f&ouml;r att g&aring; till realekonomin hamnar mycket av M2-expansionen &aring;terigen i finanssektorn.<\/li><li data-start=\"1838\" data-end=\"1972\">Eurokrisen b&ouml;rjar ta form, eftersom flera europeiska l&auml;nder redan hade h&ouml;g skulds&auml;ttning &ndash; och nu f&aring;r &auml;nnu h&ouml;gre statsskulder.<\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"1979\" data-end=\"2048\">&nbsp;<\/h2><h2 data-start=\"1979\" data-end=\"2048\"><strong data-start=\"1983\" data-end=\"2031\">Bubbla 2: Eurokrisen &ndash; Statsskuldkrisen i EU<\/strong> (~2010&ndash;2015)<\/h2><div>&nbsp;<\/div><p data-start=\"2049\" data-end=\"2091\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong data-start=\"2052\" data-end=\"2089\">1. Bubblan bl&aring;ses upp (2009&ndash;2011)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul data-start=\"2095\" data-end=\"2557\"><li data-start=\"2095\" data-end=\"2285\">Eurozonens strukturella obalanser blev tydliga n&auml;r s&ouml;dra Europas l&auml;nder (Grekland, Italien, Spanien, Portugal, Irland) fick exploderande statsskulder efter att ha r&auml;ddat sina banker.<\/li><li data-start=\"2289\" data-end=\"2420\">Marknaderna b&ouml;rjar tvivla p&aring; dessa l&auml;nders &aring;terbetalningsf&ouml;rm&aring;ga, vilket leder till stigande r&auml;ntor p&aring; deras statsobligationer.<\/li><li data-start=\"2424\" data-end=\"2557\">ECB och EU lanserar n&ouml;dl&aring;n, men f&ouml;ruts&auml;tter att l&auml;nderna ska sk&auml;ra i sina utgifter genom &aring;tstramningspolitik (austerity).<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"2559\" data-end=\"2600\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong data-start=\"2562\" data-end=\"2598\">2. Systemet kraschar (2011&ndash;2013)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul data-start=\"2604\" data-end=\"3043\"><li data-start=\"2604\" data-end=\"2728\">Grekland st&aring;r p&aring; randen av statsbankrutt (2010&ndash;2012) och f&aring;r r&auml;ddningspaket fr&aring;n EU och IMF, men krisen sprider sig.<\/li><li data-start=\"2732\" data-end=\"2848\">Irland, Portugal, Spanien och Italien hamnar ocks&aring; i ekonomisk kris p&aring; grund av stigande r&auml;ntor och bankproblem.<\/li><li data-start=\"2852\" data-end=\"2958\">De r&auml;ddningsprogram som erbjuds kr&auml;ver h&aring;rda &aring;tstramningar, vilket f&ouml;rdjupar recessionen i Europa.<\/li><li data-start=\"2962\" data-end=\"3043\">Arbetsl&ouml;sheten skjuter i h&ouml;jden, ekonomin stagnerar och social oro bryter ut.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"3045\" data-end=\"3103\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong data-start=\"3048\" data-end=\"3101\">3. R&auml;ddningspaketen blir n&auml;sta bubbla (2013&ndash;2015)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul data-start=\"3107\" data-end=\"3554\"><li data-start=\"3107\" data-end=\"3217\">ECB:s chef Mario Draghi lovar att &rdquo;g&ouml;ra vad som kr&auml;vs&rdquo; f&ouml;r att r&auml;dda euron, vilket lugnar marknaderna.<\/li><li data-start=\"3221\" data-end=\"3326\">ECB lanserar kvantitativa l&auml;ttnader (QE) f&ouml;r f&ouml;rsta g&aring;ngen, vilket leder till billigare krediter.<\/li><li data-start=\"3330\" data-end=\"3447\">De strikta budgetnedsk&auml;rningarna h&aring;ller tillbaka tillv&auml;xten i s&ouml;dra Europa, men eurozonen stabiliseras till slut.<\/li><li data-start=\"3451\" data-end=\"3554\">Skulden flyttas fr&aring;n perifera l&auml;nder till ECB:s balansr&auml;kning &ndash; en ny bubbla b&ouml;rjar byggas upp.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68f8a4e e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"68f8a4e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3368de0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3368de0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L&aring;t oss nu analysera n&auml;sta kris<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5d6f73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5d6f73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"481\" data-end=\"879\">M2-expansionen under 2010-talet har inte prim&auml;rt g&aring;tt till realekonomisk utveckling, utan till tillg&aring;ngsinflation och spekulation.&nbsp;Fr&aring;n 2016 och fram&aring;t ser vi en markant &ouml;kning av skulds&auml;ttning hos stater (gr&ouml;n linje) och icke-finansiella f&ouml;retag (lila linje).&nbsp;Men oavsett vad dessa sektorer anv&auml;nder l&aring;nen till, hamnar r&auml;ntor och avgifter alltid i finanssektorn.&nbsp;Den finansiella sektorn vinner alltid &ndash; de skapar inte produktivt v&auml;rde, men tar ut en konstant del av kapitalfl&ouml;det i form av avgifter och r&auml;ntor.<\/p><p data-start=\"1039\" data-end=\"1057\">&nbsp;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ce0905 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7ce0905\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"669\" src=\"https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-4-1024x669.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-111375\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-4-1024x669.png 1024w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-4-600x392.png 600w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-4-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-4-768x502.png 768w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-4-1536x1003.png 1536w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Global-skuld-4-2048x1337.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Bild 3<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7eef9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a7eef9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K&auml;lla Totala skulder: IIF &ndash; IInstitute of nternational&nbsp; Finance<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b65e660 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b65e660\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"312\" data-end=\"403\"><strong data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"388\">Bubbla 1: Finanskrisens efterspel och 2010-talets spekulationsbubbla<\/strong> (~2010&ndash;2020)<\/h2><div>&nbsp;<\/div><p data-start=\"404\" data-end=\"446\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong data-start=\"407\" data-end=\"444\">1. Bubblan bl&aring;ses upp (2010&ndash;2019)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"910\"><li data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"575\">Efter finanskrisen 2008 skapade centralbanker extremt l&aring;ga r&auml;ntor och QE, vilket drev p&aring; en l&aring;ng spekulativ boom.<\/li><li data-start=\"579\" data-end=\"695\">M2-expansionen kanaliserades till aktiemarknaden, fastigheter och f&ouml;retagsuppk&ouml;p, ist&auml;llet f&ouml;r realekonomin.<\/li><li data-start=\"699\" data-end=\"815\">B&ouml;rsindex sk&ouml;t i h&ouml;jden, bolag bel&aring;nade sig f&ouml;r att k&ouml;pa tillbaka egna aktier, och fastighetspriser exploderade.<\/li><li data-start=\"819\" data-end=\"910\">Banker och investerare privatiserade vinsterna genom en ohejdad tillg&aring;ngsinflation.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"912\" data-end=\"956\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong data-start=\"915\" data-end=\"954\">2. Systemet kraschar (2020&ndash;Q2 2020)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"1283\"><li data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"1069\">Covid-pandemin sl&aring;r till, vilket skapar global panik och snabbast fallande b&ouml;rserna i modern tid.<\/li><li data-start=\"1073\" data-end=\"1178\">F&ouml;retag och hush&aring;ll f&aring;r sv&aring;rt att betala l&aring;n och likviditeten fryser &ndash; centralbankerna panikreagerar.<\/li><li data-start=\"1611\" data-end=\"1712\">Snabbaste b&ouml;rskraschen i modern tid, det finns inga reserver f&ouml;r att absorbera chocken.<\/li><li data-start=\"1713\" data-end=\"1798\">Stater och centralbanker panikreagerar med massiva r&auml;ddningspaket och mer QE.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1285\" data-end=\"1346\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong data-start=\"1288\" data-end=\"1344\">3. R&auml;ddningspaketen blir n&auml;sta bubbla (Q3 2020&ndash;2021)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul data-start=\"1350\" data-end=\"1651\"><li data-start=\"1350\" data-end=\"1420\">Centralbanker s&auml;nker r&auml;ntorna till noll eller negativa niv&aring;er.<\/li><li data-start=\"1865\" data-end=\"2001\">M2-expansionen tar fart igen, denna g&aring;ng i form av direkta stimulanser: helikopterpengar, f&ouml;retagsst&ouml;d och billiga krediter.<\/li><li data-start=\"2002\" data-end=\"2114\">Kapitalet cirkulerar &aring;terigen i finanssektorn, inte i realekonomin, vilket skapar en ny spekulationsv&aring;g.<\/li><li data-start=\"2115\" data-end=\"2220\">Tillg&aring;ngsinflationen eskalerar igen &ndash; men denna g&aring;ng i en ekonomi som redan &auml;r full av obalanser.<\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"1658\" data-end=\"1730\"><strong data-start=\"1662\" data-end=\"1715\">&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2><h2 data-start=\"1658\" data-end=\"1730\"><strong data-start=\"1662\" data-end=\"1715\">Bubbla 2: Leveranskedjebubblan och real inflation<\/strong> (~2021&ndash;2023)<\/h2><div>&nbsp;<\/div><p data-start=\"1731\" data-end=\"1773\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong data-start=\"1734\" data-end=\"1771\">1. Bubblan bl&aring;ses upp (2021&ndash;2022)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul data-start=\"1777\" data-end=\"2121\"><li data-start=\"2347\" data-end=\"2463\">Efter pandemin &ouml;kar efterfr&aring;gan kraftigt, men v&auml;rdekedjorna &auml;r f&ouml;rsvagade och klarar inte att h&auml;nga med.<\/li><li data-start=\"2464\" data-end=\"2571\">Flaskhalsar i produktionen skapar reell inflation, vilket f&ouml;rst&auml;rks av den tidigare M2-expansionen.<\/li><li data-start=\"2572\" data-end=\"2687\">Finanssektorn spekulerar vidare i fastigheter, r&aring;varor och b&ouml;rsen, vilket eldar p&aring; inflationen ytterligare.<strong style=\"font-style: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\" data-start=\"2126\" data-end=\"2165\"><br><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong style=\"font-style: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); text-decoration: underline;\" data-start=\"2126\" data-end=\"2165\">2. Systemet kraschar (2022&ndash;Q1 2023)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul data-start=\"2171\" data-end=\"2535\"><li data-start=\"2739\" data-end=\"2848\">Inflationen n&aring;r extrema niv&aring;er, och nu tvingas centralbankerna ist&auml;llet h&ouml;ja r&auml;ntorna aggressivt.<\/li><li data-start=\"2849\" data-end=\"2962\">Tillg&aring;ngspriser b&ouml;rjar falla &ndash; b&ouml;rsen kraschar (S&amp;P 500 f&ouml;ll med 19% under 2022 och&nbsp;Nasdaq Composite (USA)&nbsp;index minskade med 33%),&nbsp;&nbsp;fastighetsmarknaden stagnerar, kryptomarknaden kollapsar.<\/li><li data-start=\"2963\" data-end=\"3062\">Banker med h&ouml;gt bel&aring;nade positioner hamnar i kris (Silicon Valley Bank, Credit Suisse).<\/li><li data-start=\"3063\" data-end=\"3215\">En ny recession hotar, men denna g&aring;ng &auml;r det en inflationsbubbla som spricker pga. brott i v&auml;rdekedjorna &ndash; inte en tillg&aring;ngsbubbla driven av QE.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"2537\" data-end=\"2609\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong data-start=\"2540\" data-end=\"2607\">3. R&auml;ddningspaketen blir n&auml;sta bubbla (2023&ndash;fr&aring;n Q3 och fram&aring;t)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul data-start=\"2613\" data-end=\"2899\"><li data-start=\"324\" data-end=\"428\">Denna g&aring;ng s&auml;tts inte QE in p&aring; samma s&auml;tt som tidigare, eftersom inflationen fortfarande &auml;r h&ouml;g.<\/li><li data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"790\">Silicon Valley Bank och Credit Suisse kollapsar, men regeringar och centralbanker ingriper f&ouml;r att stabilisera systemet.<br><ul data-start=\"560\" data-end=\"790\"><li data-start=\"560\" data-end=\"657\">I USA garanteras SVB:s ins&auml;ttare, trots att banken egentligen inte var &rdquo;too big to fail&rdquo;.<\/li><li data-start=\"660\" data-end=\"790\">I Schweiz genomf&ouml;rs en snabb r&auml;ddning d&auml;r Credit Suisse tv&aring;ngsf&ouml;rv&auml;rvas av UBS med st&ouml;d fr&aring;n regeringen och centralbanken.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-start=\"791\" data-end=\"915\">Marknaden stabiliseras, men systemproblemen kvarst&aring;r &ndash; detta blev en &rdquo;soft landing&rdquo; snarare &auml;n en total kollaps.<\/li><li data-start=\"916\" data-end=\"1032\">Kapitalet letar sig tillbaka till spekulation eftersom akt&ouml;rer ser att systemet fortfarande r&auml;ddas vid kris.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05cfe74 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"05cfe74\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65abe9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"65abe9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Den Trippla bl&aring;sningen fungerar i alla kriser<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c33e514 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c33e514\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"3146\" data-end=\"3290\">Oavsett vad som utl&ouml;ser en kris &ndash; en bubbla, en statsskuldkris, en global pandemi &ndash; s&aring; fungerar finanssektorns mekanism p&aring; samma s&auml;tt. De bl&aring;ser upp spekulationen och tj&auml;nar p&aring; det. N&auml;r det kraschar, f&aring;r de r&auml;ddningspaket. Sedan tj&auml;nar de pengar p&aring; att hantera krisen och skulderna.<\/p><p data-start=\"3146\" data-end=\"3290\">T&auml;nk p&aring; att allt &auml;r konstruktioner. Bild 3 visar f&ouml;rh&aring;llandet mellan total skuld och BNP\/GDP. Vilken idiot som helst fattar att detta inte g&aring;r ihop. Den bl&aring;a linjen m&aring;ste betalas i from av r&auml;ntor och amorteringar och d&aring; beh&ouml;ver v&auml;rdet av den oranga linjen &ndash; som &auml;r summan av varor och tj&auml;nster* &ndash; &ouml;ka kraftigt. Det g&ouml;r den inte d&aring; M2 allokeras otillb&ouml;rligt. Konstruktionen &auml;r genialiskt ond! Och Systemledarskapet &auml;lskar den f&ouml;r den gynnar dem partiellt.<\/p><p><em><span style=\"font-size: 0.8em;\">*Summan av varor och tj&auml;nster ben&auml;mns ocks&aring; tillv&auml;xt. Tyv&auml;rr &auml;r det s&aring; att eftersom det finansiella systemet &auml;r parasiterande &auml;r stora delar av tillv&auml;xten ocks&aring; parasiterande. I The Heapple som koncept &auml;r ett m&aring;lomr&aring;de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_c52866066020d4494417188833ec1022\" href=\"https:\/\/heapple.com\/index.php\/glossary\/battre-tillvaxt\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">B&auml;ttre tillv&auml;xt<\/a>, vilket handlar det om att g&ouml;ra tillv&auml;xten rumsren.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-331b2f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"331b2f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"669\" src=\"https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/BNP-o-debt-1024x669.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-111697\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/BNP-o-debt-1024x669.png 1024w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/BNP-o-debt-600x392.png 600w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/BNP-o-debt-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/BNP-o-debt-768x502.png 768w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/BNP-o-debt-1536x1003.png 1536w, https:\/\/heapple.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/BNP-o-debt-2048x1337.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Bild 4<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-585a344 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"585a344\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>k&auml;lla GDP\/BNP:&nbsp; Word bank.&nbsp; K&auml;lla Total skuld: IIF &ndash; IInstitute of nternational&nbsp; Finance<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78fc945 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"78fc945\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-933966e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"933966e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">vad &auml;r ont och vad &auml;r gott?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5db7e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e5db7e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vad<strong data-start=\"209\" data-end=\"240\"> &auml;r ont och vad &auml;r gott?<\/strong>&nbsp;Under de senaste decennierna har Systemledarskapet byggt upp en finansiell struktur som, under sken av tillv&auml;xt och v&auml;lst&aring;nd, i sj&auml;lva verket har utformats f&ouml;r att utnyttja b&aring;de m&auml;nniskor och v&aring;r planet. Genom medvetna beslut och strategier har dessa makthavare skapat en parasit&auml;r mekanism som suger ut resurser, l&auml;mnar majoriteten i skuld och beroende eller utanf&ouml;r M2-systemet. Medvetet anv&auml;nder jag en stark vokabul&auml;r d&aring; konsekvenserna av detta &auml;r fruktansv&auml;rda och generationstransformativa. Planet- och folkskadan &auml;r enorm! Det &auml;r d&auml;rf&ouml;r jag d&ouml;pt detta ekorrhjul till <strong><em>De Finansiella Parasiternas Dj&auml;vulska cirkularitet.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p>I denna j&auml;vulska cirkularitet befinner vi oss just nu i skede 1 &ndash; bubblan bl&aring;ses upp &ndash; och det &auml;r en tidsfr&aring;ga innan skede 2 &ndash; systemet kraschar &ndash; tar vid. Sen &auml;r det sv&aring;rt att sia om vad som &auml;r den &rdquo;t&auml;ndande gnistan&rdquo; f&ouml;r skede 2. Men en sak vet jag, i slut&auml;nden &auml;r det den lilla m&auml;nniskan och v&aring;r planet som f&aring;r betala priset. Inte de som orsakar krascherna. Det ligger inbyggt i det ekonomiska systemets parasit&auml;ra anatomi!<\/p><p>I n&auml;st blogg <em><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Konsekevenser f&ouml;r den lilla m&auml;nniskan och projiceringens missriktade fokus&nbsp;<\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-astglobalcolor8 ); text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">f&ouml;rdjupar vi oss i f&ouml;ljderna av denna Systemondska.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Girighetsskulden &ouml;kar n&auml;r finansiella parasiter f&aring;r h&auml;rja &ndash; del 3 En serie blogginl&auml;gg om godheten och ondskan Vi utforskar det historiska narrativet, nuet och framtiden genom en grundl&auml;ggande fr&aring;ga: Vad var\/&auml;r\/blir ont och vad var\/&auml;r\/blir gott? Under de senaste &aring;rtiondena av 1900 &ndash; talet b&ouml;rjade Tre Gigantiska skuldberg &ndash; Integritetsskulden, Girighetsskulden och Den Existentiella skulden<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_angie_page":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"disabled","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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